Ramon Trullas earned his PhD at the Autonomous University of Barcelona; his thesis on the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs received a Doctorate Award with special distinction. He completed postdoctoral research on a Fulbright fellowship at the Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, of the National Institutes of Health, where he continued as an associate scientist in the Laboratory of Neuroscience. He is currently a research professor at the Barcelona Institute for Biomedical Research and a group leader at CIBERNED.

His scientific contributions include the formulation of the glutamatergic hypothesis of the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs, which has allowed the development of new fast-acting antidepressants; more recently, he developed tools for the identification and quantification of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker of neurodegeneration. Currently, his research is focused on investigating the role of mitochondrial DNA synthesis and release in neurodegenerative diseases.