Ingeborg Johanna Mühldorfer studied biology at the University of Würzburg, Germany, and at the New England Medical Center (Tufts University) in Boston, Massachusetts. After finishing her PhD at NEMC in 1994, she worked at the University of Würzburg until 1998 as a Research Associate and head of the research group on the characterization of intestinal and urinary pathogens and on the development of pathogen-directed vaccines. As the chief safety officer she was responsible for the genetic engineering safety of the university.

Her career in the pharmaceutical industry started in 1998 in Research and Development at Byk Gulden Lomberg GmbH (later renamed ALTANA Pharma AG, Konstanz, Germany) as head of antimicrobial drug development. Over nine years there she took over various responsibilities as head of recombinant protein production in microbial systems and project manager and scout for biopharmaceutical drug projects. At that time she also held a faculty appointment at the University for Applied Science in Albstadt-Sigmaringen, Germany.

In 2007 she took over responsibility for Strategy Management at Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH in Laupheim, Germany, one of the leading Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMOs) for biopharmaceutical drug production in mammalian cells in Europe. In this role she is responsible as a project leader for the company's strategic collaborations with academic and industrial partners. 

Dr. Muehldorfer has published more than 20 peer-reviewed papers, reviews and patent applications and is on the Advisory Board of the biotechnology company CELLCA GmbH and in the Managing Board of the European Association of Pharma Biotechnology (EAPB).