As a resident in Otorhinolaryngology, Bleier studied in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical models of topical sinonasal drug delivery for both local and systemic diseases. As a fellow in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery at the Medical University of South Carolina, he was trained to perform endoscopic transnasal brain surgery and focused his clinical research on novel methods of reconstructing dural defects using local nasal mucosal grafts. As a new faculty member at Harvard Medical School, he has laid the groundwork to develop a novel murine heterotopic mucosal graft model which mimics the morphology of the human skull base after mucosal graft reconstruction following endoscopic dural and arachnoid resection for malignancy. The current application builds on his prior work, as it combines sinonasal mucosal drug delivery and endoscopic mucosal graft reconstruction of dural defects.